How to Build a Temporary Sundial
Clear a circular area of bare ground and place a stick (gnomon) in the center., Find which way is north., Draw a new circle as large as you want to make your sundial, with the center where your east-west and north-south lines meet., Make a mark...
Step-by-Step Guide
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Step 1: Clear a circular area of bare ground and place a stick (gnomon) in the center.
If you place pebbles throughout a day at the point where the sun casts a shadow from the tip of the gnomon, the stones will describe a hyperbola and North is where the shadow is shortest.
A more accurate way will be to find east-west first.
Draw a circle centered at your vertical stick, at a radius given by a morning pebble, then wait until afternoon when the shadow just touches the circle.
A line drawn between these two points will be due east-west and you can draw a line perpendicular to this to find a true north-south line. , A good radius is about the same length as your shadow stick. , Start by dividing the arc between east and north in half, then divide each of these into three equal pieces.
You should end up with 24 even spaces along the circle. , Polaris is at the end of the handle of the little dipper.
Once you know your latitude, mark the point on the circle that corresponds to that angle (counterclockwise) from east.
If your latitude is a multiple of 15 degrees, you can use one of the pebbles you have already used. ,, The point where the ellipse crosses the north-south line will be 12 o'clock.
The points where the ellipse crosses the east-west line will be 6 o'clock (AM to the west, PM to the east). , These will be your hours.
Note the lines extending east-west out from the inner circle in the diagram and inward north-south from the outer circle, the intersections determine the hour points and instead of drawing an ellipse, you can just find these points.
Your sundial should look like this (this image was done in a drawing program and the 15 minute marks were added, you can simply divide each hour into 4 with three smaller pebbles): , The type of sundial you have just made is called an emblematic sundial.
The exact position of the stick (gnomon) should change with the season (+/-
23.5 degrees) along the north-south line as the sun moves north and south of the equator, but this is a temporary structure so we will dispense with that for now. , You must then correct for your longitude and the equation of time, and daylight savings time (if any).
Attached is a completed sundial with the construction lines removed and a declination line added.
The mono (stick) should lie along the center of this in a position which corresponds to the time of year. -
Step 2: Find which way is north.
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Step 3: Draw a new circle as large as you want to make your sundial
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Step 4: with the center where your east-west and north-south lines meet.
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Step 5: Make a mark every 15 degrees on the circle (use a pebble).
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Step 6: Find your approximate latitude
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Step 7: you can look it up online
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Step 8: or one way to find latitude in the northern hemisphere is to determine how far above the horizon the north star (Polaris) lies.
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Step 9: Extend a perpendicular line from the latitude stone to the north-south line
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Step 10: Draw an ellipse with the minor axis at this point
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Step 11: and the major axis where the circle intersects the east-west line.
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Step 12: Extend a line straight south or north from each 15 degree mark on the circle to the ellipse and place a pebble at the intersections.
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Step 13: Stand up a stick in the center of the circle.
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Step 14: Watch for a shadow to be cast
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Step 15: whatever number that shadow is cast on
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Step 16: that is your beginning to find out what time it is.
Detailed Guide
If you place pebbles throughout a day at the point where the sun casts a shadow from the tip of the gnomon, the stones will describe a hyperbola and North is where the shadow is shortest.
A more accurate way will be to find east-west first.
Draw a circle centered at your vertical stick, at a radius given by a morning pebble, then wait until afternoon when the shadow just touches the circle.
A line drawn between these two points will be due east-west and you can draw a line perpendicular to this to find a true north-south line. , A good radius is about the same length as your shadow stick. , Start by dividing the arc between east and north in half, then divide each of these into three equal pieces.
You should end up with 24 even spaces along the circle. , Polaris is at the end of the handle of the little dipper.
Once you know your latitude, mark the point on the circle that corresponds to that angle (counterclockwise) from east.
If your latitude is a multiple of 15 degrees, you can use one of the pebbles you have already used. ,, The point where the ellipse crosses the north-south line will be 12 o'clock.
The points where the ellipse crosses the east-west line will be 6 o'clock (AM to the west, PM to the east). , These will be your hours.
Note the lines extending east-west out from the inner circle in the diagram and inward north-south from the outer circle, the intersections determine the hour points and instead of drawing an ellipse, you can just find these points.
Your sundial should look like this (this image was done in a drawing program and the 15 minute marks were added, you can simply divide each hour into 4 with three smaller pebbles): , The type of sundial you have just made is called an emblematic sundial.
The exact position of the stick (gnomon) should change with the season (+/-
23.5 degrees) along the north-south line as the sun moves north and south of the equator, but this is a temporary structure so we will dispense with that for now. , You must then correct for your longitude and the equation of time, and daylight savings time (if any).
Attached is a completed sundial with the construction lines removed and a declination line added.
The mono (stick) should lie along the center of this in a position which corresponds to the time of year.
About the Author
Teresa Bishop
Creates helpful guides on home improvement to inspire and educate readers.
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